VIOLENCE LINK RESEARCH (2010 to present)

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Analysis of UK Dog Fighting, Laws and Offences https://www.league.org.uk/media/filer_public/1b/8a/1b8a205e-25d9-44b5-8b90-f80278d479c0/dog_fighting_report_2015_-_middlesex_university.pdf

Dog Fighting.  A Problem in Ontario? 

https://ontariospca.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/DogFighting_OVMA.pdf

Dog Fighting. One of the most serious forms of animal abuse http://www.esdaw.eu/dogfighting.html  origins and graphic

Detailed Discussion of Dog Fighting, 2005, Michigan State University

https://www.animallaw.info/article/detailed-discussion-dog-fighting

Dog Fighting in Europe

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282860062_Dog_Fighting_in_Europe

USA Dept of Justice, Dog Fighting A Guide for Community Action

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Heger, M.C. (2011). Bringing RICO to the ring: can the anti-mafia weapon target dogfighters? Washing University Law Review, 89(1): VLex Global

Lawson, C. (2017). Animal Fighting. The Pelgrave International Handbook of Animal Abuse Studies: Springer Publishing

Lockwood, R. (2013). Animal fighting. In L. Miller & S. Zawistowski (Eds.). Shelter medicine for veterinarians and staff(2nd ed.) (pp. 441-460). Ames, IA: Blackwell.

Lockwood, R. (2018). The dog that is willing to die: The “ethics” of animal fighting. In A. Linzey & C. Linzey (Eds.). The Palgrave handbook of practical animal ethics (pp. 545-567). London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Lockwood, R. (2013). Animal fighting. In L. Miller & S. Zawistowski (Eds.). Shelter medicine for veterinarians and staff(2nd ed.) (pp. 441-460). Ames, IA: Blackwell.

Lockwood, R. (2012). Dogfighting: A guide for community action. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.

Ortiz, F. (2010). Making the dogman heel: Recommendations for improving the effectiveness of dogfighting laws. Stanford Journal of Animal Law and Policy, 3, 3-75.

Rider, C. (2019, February). From the backyard to the football field: How Michael Vick brought animal fighting to the forefront and why law enforcement should care. Sheriff & Deputy (special issue), 26-27.

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National Resource Center on Domestic Violence, September 2014

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Overton, J., Hensley, H. & Tallichet, S. (2012). Examining the relationship between childhood animal cruelty motives and recurrent adult violent crimes toward humans. 

Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(5): Sage Publications

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UK Legislation on animal pornography https://www.inbrief.co.uk/offences/extreme-pornography/

University of Saskatchewan https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0?ui=2&ik=ebe0d14bea&attid=0.1&permmsgid=msg-f:1694936164423443344&th=17859f761d6c2390&view=att&disp=safe

Forensic Research and Criminology Journal https://medcraveonline.com/FRCIJ/animal-cruelty-pet-abuse-amp-violence-the-missed-dangerous-connection.htmlunder heading of Rapists, pedophiles, violent offenders

US Dept of Justice https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/188677.pdfpage 8

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0747563213001210 

Science Direct, Computers in Human Behavvior

https://protectchildren.ca/en/resources-research/bestiality-in-case-law/ Canadian Center for Child Protection

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Durham University UK https://www.durham.ac.uk/departments/academic/law/research/policy-engagement/regulation-of-extreme-pornography/

Arrest and Prosecution of Animal Sex Abuse (Bestiality) Offenders in the United States, 1975–2015 http://jaapl.org/content/early/2019/05/16/JAAPL.003836-19  

Norwegian study file:///E:/Research%20n%20stats/Bestiality/People%20who%20engage%20in%20sexual%20acts%20with%20animals%20_%20Journal%20of%20the%20Norwegian%20Psychologist%20Association.html

Canadian Center for Child Protection, March 2021, https://protectchildren.ca/en/resources-research/bestiality-in-case-law/

Journal of Law & Psychiatry, Bestiality among sexually violent offenders http://jaapl.org/content/early/2020/05/14/JAAPL.003941-20

Aggrawal, A. (2011) A new classification of zoophilia. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 18(2), 73-78.

Amoo, G., Abayomio, O., & Olashore, A. (2012). Zoophilic recidivism in schizophrenia: A case report. African Journal of Psychiatry,15, 223–225.

Beerworth, A.A. (2011). United States v. Stevens: A proposal for criminalizing crush videos under current free speech doctrine. Vermont Law Review, 35, 901-924..

Beirne, P., Maher, J., & Pierpoint, H. (2017). Animal sexual assault. In J. Maher, H. Pierpoint, & P. Beirne (eds.). The Palgrave International Handbook of Animal Abuse Studies. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp 59-85.

Bradley, N., & Rasile, K. K. (2014, April). Recognition and management of animal sexual abuse. Clinician’s Brief, 73-75.

Bradley, N., & Rasile, K. K. (2014, April). Addressing animal sexual abuse. Clinician’s Brief, 775.

Campo-Arias, A., Castillo-Tamara, E.E., & Herazo, E. (2018). Review of cases of zoophilia in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Revista de Neurologia, 67(4), 129-132.

Canadian Centre for Child Protection (2018). “Bestiality” as Reflected in Canadian Case Law. Winnipeg: Author.

Castanheira, M.M.C. (2019). Animal sexual abuse: A reality in Portugal and Spain. Derecho Animal (Forum of Animal Law Studies), 10(4), 123-154. 

Chandradasa, M., & Champika, L. (2017). Zoophilia in an adolescent with high‐functioning autism from Sri Lanka. Australasian Psychiatry, 25, 486–488.

DaSilva, J. (2016, May 9). Sheriff Joe, Maricopa County lead way on animal cruelty. Bloomberg BNA [accessed at http://www.bna.com/sheriff-joe-maricopa-n57982072553/] .

DaSilva, J. (2016, May 4). Competing interests clash over New Hampshire bestiality bill. Bloomberg BNA [accessed at http://www.bna.com/competing-interests-clash-n57982071552/].

DaSilva, J. (2016, April 27). Bestiality laws matter in preventing, prosecuting sex crimes. Bloomberg BNA [accessed at http://www.bna.com/bestiality-laws-matter-n57982070635/] 

Dell’Aversano, C. (2010). The love whose name cannot be spoken: Queering the human-animal bond. Journal for Critical Animal Studies, 8(1/2), 73-125.

* Edwards, M.J. (2019). Arrest and prosecution of animal sex abuse (bestiality) offenders in the United States, 1975-2015. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 47(3), 335-346.

Edwards, M.J. (2019, February). The law enforcement guide: What you should know about bestiality. Sheriff & Deputy(special issue), 32-35. 

Edwards, J. (2016). Heavy petting. In, J. Pierce (Ed.).: Run, Spot, Run: The Ethics of Keeping Pets. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 128-135. 

Edwards, J. (2011, August). Animal sex abuse: What you can do about it. Flying Changes Magazine.

Ene, S., & Sasaran, A. (2011). Zoophilic behavior in a patient with posterior cerebral arterial aneurysm. Romanian Neurosurgery, 3, 349-355.

Fornelos, A., & Roque, M. (2017). Zoophilia in a patient with Parkinson’s disease. European Psychiatry, 41(Supplement), 5632. 

Garrard, G. (2017). Bestial humans and sexual animals: Zoophilia in law and literature. In M. Lundblad (Ed.). Animalities: Literary and cultural studies beyond the human (pp. 211-235). Edinburgh University Press.

Grebowicz, M. (2010). When species meet: Confronting bestiality pornography. Humanimalia 1(2).

Hensley, C., Tallichet, S. E., & Dutkiewicz, E. L. (2010). Childhood bestiality: A potential precursor to adult interpersonal violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25(3), 557-567.

Hensley, C., Tallichet, S.E., & Trentham, C.E. (2016). Animal cruelty and sexual deviance. In, M.P. Brewster & C.L. Reyes, eds.: Animal Cruelty: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding, 2nd ed. Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press, pp. 217-233.

Holoyda, B. (2017). Bestiality in forensically committed sexual offenders: A case series. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 62(2), 541-544. 

Holoyda, B., Gosal, R., & Welch, K.M. (2020). Bestiality among sexually violent predators. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 48(3). doi:10.29158/JAAPL.003941-20.

Holoyda, B.J., & Newman, W.J. (2016). Childhood animal cruelty, bestiality, and the link to adult interpersonal violence. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 47, 129-135.

Holoyda, B., & Newman, W. (2014). Zoophilia and the law: legal responses to a rare paraphilia. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 42, 412–420.

Holoyda, B., Sorrentino, R., Friedman, S.H., & Allgire, J. (2018). Bestiality: An introduction for legal and mental health professionals. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2368 

Jácome, A.I. (2014). Reflexiones sobre la zoofilia, el bestialismo y la peligrosidad [Reflections on zoophilia, bestiality and dangerousness). Lausanne, Switzerland: Coordinadora de Profesionales por la Prevención de Abusos (CoPPA).

Kavanaugh, P.R., & Maratea, R.J. (2016). Identity, resistance and moderation in an online community of zoosexuals. Sexualities, 19, 3–24.

Lesandric, V., Orlovic, I., Peitl, V., & Karlovic, D. (2017). Zoophilia as an early sign of psychosis. Alcoholism and Psychiatry Research, 53, 27–32.

Lönngren, A.-S. (2020, Fall). “That’s when he comes rushing into her life”: Swedish literary depictions of human-animal sexual contact at the turn of the twenty-first century. Humanimalia 12(1), 167-187.

Lunghofer, L. (2015). Social responses to animal maltreatment offenders: Cruelty and sexual abuse. In L. Levitt, G. Patronek & T. Grisso (Eds.). Animal maltreatment: Forensic mental health issues and evaluations, (pp. 251-284). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

MacDonald, G. (2014, Oct. 30). Fairfax bestiality case sheds light on dark subject. Fairfax (Va.) Times.

Maratea, R.J. (2011). Screwing the pooch: Legitimizing accounts in a zoophilia on-line community. Deviant Behaior, 32, 918–943. 

Merck, M. D., & Miller, D.M. (2013). Sexual abuse. In M. Merck (Ed.). Veterinary forensics: Animal cruelty investigations, 2nd ed. (pp. 233-241). New York: Wiley.

Miletski, H. (2017). Zoophilia: another sexual orientation? Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46, 39–42.

Navarro, J.C., & Tewksbury, R. (2015). Bestiality: An overview and analytic discussion. Sociology Compass, 9, 864–875.

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Perdue, A., & Lockwood, R. (2014). Animal cruelty and freedom of speech: When worlds collide. West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press.

Raina, G., Cersosimo, M.G., & Micheli, F. (2012). Zoophilia and impulse control in a patient with Parkinson disease. Journal of Neurology, 259, 969-970.

Ranger, R., & Federoff, J.P. (2014). Commentary: Zoophilia and the law. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 42, 421-426. 

Satapathy, S., Swain, R., Pandey, V., & Behera, C. (2016). An adolescent with bestiality behavior: Psychological evaluation and community health concerns. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 41(1), 23-26.

Schenk, A. M., Cooper-Lehki, C., Keelan, C. M., & Fremouw, W. J. (2014). Underreporting of bestiality among juvenile sex offenders: Polygraph versus self-report. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 59(2), 540–542..

Sendler, D.J. (2019). Contemporary understanding of zoophilia — A multinational survey study. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 62, 44-51.

Sendler, D.J. (2018, July 18). Why people who have sex with animals believe that it is their sexual orientation — a grounded theory study of online communities of zoophiles. Deviant Behavior, https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2018.1491698.

Sendler, D.J., & Lew-Starowicz, M. (2019). Digital ethnography of zoophilia: A multinational mixed-methods study. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 45, 1–20.

Shir-Vertesh, D. (2013). Love has (no) boundaries: researching a sexual taboo. International Journal of Social Science Studies, 1, 161-172. 

Singg, S. (2017). Ego-dystonic zoophilia: A case report with treatment plan and a critical look at the current state. Clinical Case Reports & Reviews, 3(1), 1-6.

Stern, A.W., & Smith-Blackmore, M. (2016). Veterinary forensic pathology of animal sexual abuse. Veterinary Pathology, 53(5), 1057-1066.

Sujata, S., Swain, R., Vidhi, P., & Chittaranjan, B. (2016). An adolescent with bestiality behavior: Psychological evaluation and community health concerns. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 41(1), 23-26.

Tallichet, S.E. & Hensley, C. (2013). Animal cruelty and sexual deviance. In M.P. Brewster & C.L. Reyes, eds.: Animal cruelty: A multidisciplinary approach to understanding (pp. 181-195). Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.  

Valcuende del Rio, J.M., & Caceres-Feria, R. (2020, Oct. 1). Social scientific analysis of human-animal sexual interactions. Animals, 10(10), 1780.

Vaskinn, A., & Muri, K. (2021). Mennesker som utøver seksuelle handlinger med dyr (People who engage in sex with animals). Tidsskrift for Norsk psykologforening (Journal of the Norwegian Psychological Association), 58(5), 368-377. DOI:  10.52734/5BE9k482. 

Vetter, S., Boros, A., & Ózsvári, L. (2020). Penal sanctioning of zoophilia in light of the legal status of animals: A comparative analysis of fifteen European countries. Animals, 10, 1024; doi:10.3390/ani10061024

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335235860_Childhood_and_adolescent_animal_cruelty_and_subsequent_interpersonal_violence_in_adulthood_A_review_of_the_literature

 Effects of children witnessing animal abuse https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7683760/  

Akdemir, S., & Gölge, Z.B. (2020). Cruelty to animals in Turkish children: Connections with aggression and empathy. Anthrozoös, 33(2), 285-299.

Applebaum, J.W., & Zsembik, B.A. (2020). Pet attachment in the context of family conflict. Anthrozoös, 33(3), 361-370.

Arluke, A. (2012). Interpersonal barriers to stopping animal abuse: Exploring the role of adolescent friendship norms and breeches. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(15), 2939-2958.

Arluke, A. (2012). Bystander apathy in animal abuse cases: Exploring barriers to child and adolescent intervention. Anthrozoös, 25(1), 5-23.

Ascione, F.R., & Maruyama, M. (2010). Animal abuse and developmental psychopathology. In, P. McCardle, S. McCune, J. Griffin, & V. Maholmes (Eds.). How Animals Affect Us: Examining the Influence of Human-Animal Interaction on Child Development and Human Health. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Baglivio, M.T., Wolff, K.T., Delisi, M., Vaughn, M.G., & Piquero, A.R. (2016). Juvenile animal cruelty and firesetting behavior. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 27(5), 484-500.

Barlow, M.R., Hutchinson, C.A., Newton, K., Grover, T., & Ward, L. (2012). Childhood neglect, attachment to companion animals, and stuffed animals as attachment objects in women and men. Anthrozoös, 25(1), 111-119.

Baxendale, S., Lester, L., Johnston, R., & Cross, D. (2015). Risk factors in adolescents’ involvement in violent behaviours. Journal of Aggression Conflict and Peace Research, 7(1), 2-18.

Beirne, P. (2015). Hogarth’s Art of Animal cruelty: Satire, Suffering and Pictorial Propaganda. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.

Bishop, T. (2021). Detail discussion of cross-reporting laws for child abuse and animal abuse. Michigan State University College of Law. 

https://www.animallaw.info/article/detailed-discussion-cross-reporting-laws.

Boat, B.W. (2014). Connections among adverse childhood experiences, exposure to animal cruelty and toxic stress: What do professionals need to consider? National Center for Prosecution of Child Abuse Update, 24(4), 1-3.  

Boat, B. W. (2010). Understanding the role of animals in the family: Insights and strategies for clinicians. In A.H. Fine (Ed.). Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice, 3rd ed. (pp. 265-282). San Diego: Academic Press.

Boat, B.W., Pearl, E., Barnes, J.E., Richey, L., et al. (2011). Childhood cruelty to animals: Psychiatric and demographic correlates. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 20(7), 812-819.

Bona, E., et al. (2014). The impact of animals and nature for children and youth with trauma histories: Towards a neurodevelopmental theory. In T. Ryan (Ed.). Animals in social work: Why and how they matter (pp. 105-119). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Brennen, S., Fielding, W.J., Carroll, M.C., Miller, J.C.M., Adderley, L., & Thompson, M.A. (2010). A preliminary investigation of the prevalence of corporal punishment of children and selected co-occurring behaviours in households on New Providence, The Bahamas. The International Journal of Bahamian Studies, 16, 1-18.

Bright, M.A., Huq, M.S., Spencer, T., Applebaum, J.W., & Hardt, N. (2018). Animal cruelty as an indicator of family trauma: Using adverse childhood experiences to look beyond child abuse and domestic violence. Child Abuse & Neglect, 76, 287-296.

Chan, H.C., & Wong, R.W.Y. (2019). Childhood and adolescent animal cruelty and subsequent interpersonal violence in adulthood: A review of the literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 48, 83-93.

Connor, M., Currie, C., & Lawrence, A.B. (2018, April). Factors influencing the prevalence of animal cruelty during adolescence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1-24. DOI: 10.1177/0886260518771684 

Costello, K., & Hodson, G. (2014). Explaining dehumanization among children: The interspecies model of prejudice. British Journal of Social Psychology, 53, 175-197.

Esposito, L., McCune, S., Griffin, J.A., & Maholmes, V. (2011). Directions in human-animal interaction research: Child development, health, and therapeutic interventions. Child Development Perspectives, 5(3), 205-211.

Faver, C.A. (2010). School-based humane education as a strategy to prevent violence: Review and recommendations. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(3), 365-370. 

Fielding, W.J., Oenbring, W.J., Brennen, S., Caroll, M.C., Bethel, N. & Minnis, J. (2011). A first look at harm toward animals by Bahamians in childhood.  International Journal of Bahamian Studies, 17(2), 27-49.

Girardi, A., & Pozzulo, J.D. (2015). Childhood experiences with family pets and internalizing symptoms in early adulthood. Anthrozoös, 28(3), 421-436.

Girardi, A., & Pozzulo, J.D. (2012). The significance of animal cruelty in child protection investigations. Social Work Research, 36(4), 53-60.

Grayson, J. (2014). Animal abuse and child abuse: Examining the Link. Virginia Child Protection Newsletter, 101, 1-16.

Hartman, C.A., Hageman, T.O., Williams, J.H., St. Mary, J., & Ascione, F.R. (2019). Exploring empathy and callous-unemotional traits as predictors of animal abuse perpetrated by children exposed to intimate partner violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 34(12), 2419-2437.

Hawkins, R.D., Hawkins, E.L., & Williams, J.M. (2017). Psychological risk factors for childhood nonhuman animal cruelty. Society & Animals, 25(1), 290-312.  

Hawkins, R.D., McDonald, S.E., O’Connoe, K., Matijczak, A., & Ascione, F.R., et al. (2019). Exposure to intimate partner violence and internalizing symptoms: The moderating effects of positive relationships with pets and animal cruelty exposure. Child Abuse & Neglect, 98.

Hawkins, R.D., Scottish SPCA, & Williams, J.M. (2019). Children’s attitudes towards animal cruelty: Exploration of predictors and socio-demographic variations. Psychology, Crime & Law, 26(3), 226-247.

Hawkins, R.D., & Williams, J.M. (2016). Children’s beliefs about animal minds (Child-BAM): Associations with positive and negative child-animal interactions. Anthrozoös, 29(3), 503-519.

Hawkins, R., Williams, J., & Scottish SPCA (2017). Childhood attachment to pets: Associations between pet attachment, attitudes to animals, compassion, and humane behavior. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14, 490-504.

Henderson, B.B., Hensley, C., & Tallichet, S.E. (2011). Childhood animal cruelty methods and their link to adult interpersonal violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26(11), 2211-2227.

Hensley, C., Browne, J.A., & Trentham, C.E. (2018). Exploring the social and emotional context of childhood animal cruelty and its potential link to adult human violence. Psychology, Crime & Law, 24(5), 489-499.

Hensley, C., Tallichet, S.E., & Dutkiewicz, E.L. (2011). Exploring the age of onset and recurrence of childhood animal cruelty: Can animal cruelty be learned from witnessing others commit it?. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 0306624X11405480, first published on April 18, 2011 .

Herzog, H. (2010). “Do children who abuse animals become violent adults?” In, Herzog, H., Some we love, some we hate, some we eat (pp. 29-35_. New York: HarperCollins.

Hollar, J.N. (2017). Children’s exposure to domestic violence and perpetration of animal abuse. The Latham Letter, 38(4), 16-19.

Holmgren, J.A. (2016). Interviewing and interrogation: A Canadian critical and practical perspective. Toronto: Nelson Education Ltd..

Hutson, W. (2012, Nov. 26). Dogfighting is a fact of life for many Chicago kids. DNAinfo.com Chicago.

Jalongo, M.R. (2021, Aug. 18). Pet keeping in the time of COVID-19: The canine and feline companions of young children. Early Childhood Education Journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-021-01251-9.

Johnston, J.E. (2011, April 27).Children who are cruel to animals: When to worry. Psychology Today. 

Jones,D.N., & Figuerdo, A.J. (2012). The core darkness: Uncovering the heart of the Dark Triad. European Journal of Personality, 12(6), 521-531.

Knight, K. E., Ellis, C., & Simmons, S. B. (2014). Parental predictors of children’s animal abuse: Findings from a national and intergenerational sample. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29(16), 3014-3034.

Ladny, R.Y., & Meyer, L. (2019). Traumatized witnesses: Review of childhood exposure to animal cruelty. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-019-00277-x. 

Ladson, S. (2013). Relationship among childhood and adolescent animal cruelty, empathy, attachment, and violence toward humans. Unpublished doctoral thesis, International Alliant University, Forensic Clinical Psychology, Fresno, Calif. 

LeBow, E.W., & Cherney, D.J. (2015). The role of animal welfare legislation in shaping child protection in the United States. International Journal of Education and Social Science, 2(6). 

Lee-Kelland, R., & Finlay, F. (2018, July). Children who abuse animals: When should you be concerned about child abuse? A review of the literature. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 103(8), 801-805.

Longobardi, C., & Badenes-Ribera, L. (2019). The relationship between animal cruelty in children and adolescent and interpersonal violence: A systematic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 46, 201-211.

Lucia, S., & Killias, M. (2011). Is animal cruelty a marker of interpersonal violence and delinquency? Results of a Swiss National Self-Report study. Psychology of Violence, 1(2), 93-105.

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* Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology (POST) (2010, January). Pets, Families and Interagency Working. Postnote No. 350. London: Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology.

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Thompson, D.N. (2013). The link between animal abuse and other violent behavior. Deputy and Court Officer, 5(3), 4-6.

* Tiplady, C. (2013). Animal Abuse: Helping Animals and People. Wallingford, Oxf., UK and Boston, Mass., USA: CABI.

Tiplady, C., Walsh, D., & Baulch, M. (2013). Human/abuse. In, C. Tiplady (Ed.). Animal Abuse: Helping Animals and People. Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK: CAB International, pp. 93-103.

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DeSousa, D. (2017). NIBRS User Manual for Animal Control Officers and Humane Law Enforcement. Alexandria, VA: National Coalition on Violence Against Animals.

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Eisenstein, Y. (2013). Animal cruelty and the law: Prohibited conduct. In, M.P. Brewster & C.L. Reyes, eds.: Animal Cruelty: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding. Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press, pp. 45-61.

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FBI article, August 2021, https://leb.fbi.gov/articles/featured-articles/the-link-between-animal-cruelty-and-human-violence

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LaBahn, D. & Farina, A. (2014, December). Providing comfort, companionship and relief: The use of courtroom dogs. The Police Chief, 81, 24-29.

Lamb, R. (2017). New Jersey dogfighting law is not all bark: RICO amendment gives tools to reduce crime in the region. Rutgers Journal of Law and Public Policy, 14, 228.

Lawrence, H. (2019, February). The ASPCA/NYPD partnership. Sheriff & Deputy (special issue), 16-17. 

Layton, J. (2019, February). Crimes against animals are crimes against our communities. Sheriff & Deputy (special issue), 3.

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Lockwood, R. (2019, February). Evidence in animal cruelty cases: What prosecutors want. Sheriff & Deputy (special issue), 14. 

Lockwood, R. (2018). The dog that is willing to die: The “ethics” of animal fighting. In A. Linzey & C. Linzey (Eds.). The Palgrave handbook of practical animal ethics (pp. 545-567). London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Lockwood, R. (2014). Cruelty to animals and interpersonal violence: An update. Arlington, VA: International Association of Chiefs of Police, Training Key #689.

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Lockwood, R., Touroo, R., Olin, J., & Dolan, E. (2019). The influence of evidence on animal cruelty prosecution and case outcomes: Results of a survey. Journal of Forensic Sciences. doi: 10:1111/1556-4029.14085.    

Lutz, M., & Leon, J. (2019, February). The day America realized there is a big cat crisis. Sheriff & Deputy (special issue), 10-11.

Marsh, S. (2017, Aug. 31). The link between animal abuse and murder: A forensic veterinarian is on a mission to convince law enforcement that people who harm pets often commit other serious crimes. The Atlantic.

Mayor’s Anti-Animal Abuse Advisory Commission (2012, March 15). 2011 Report of the Mayor’s Anti-Animal Abuse Advisory Commission. Baltimore, MD: Office of the Mayor.

Muller-Harris, D.L. (2011). Animal violence court: A therapeutic jurisprudence-based problem-solving court for the adjudication of animal cruelty cases involving juvenile offenders and animal hoarders, Animal Law Review, 17, 313.

National Sheriffs Association (2018). Animal Cruelty as a Gateway Crime. Washington, DC: Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.

National Sheriffs Association (2013). NSA’s deputy executive director John Thompson supports animal cruelty laws. Deputy and Court Officer, 5(3), 8-9.

Nurse, A. (2013). Animal harm: Perspectives on why people harm and kill animals. Farnham, UK: Ashgate.

Nurse, A., & Wyatt, T. (2020). Wildlife criminology. Bristol, UK: Bristol University Press.

Orman, R. (2012, in press). Veterinary-client confidentiality and the prosecution of animal cruelty or neglect cases. National District Attorneys Association, National Center for Prosecution of Animal Abuse, Tales of Justice.  

Ortiz, F. (2010). Making the dogman heel: Recommendations for improving the effectiveness of dogfighting laws. Stanford Journal of Animal Law and Policy, 3, 3-75.

Palais, J. (2020, December). Animal cruelty hurts people too: How animal cruelty crime data can help police make their communities safer for all. Police Chief, 87(12), 42-48. 

Palais, J. (2020, September/October). Crunching the numbers on cruelty: The National Incident-Based Reporting System delivers preliminary data on animal cruelty investigations. Sheriff & Deputy, 72(5), 70-73. 

Palais, J. (2020, Summer). Animal cruelty in the U.S.: What you should know and how you can help. Animal Care & Control Today, 19-23.   

Palais, J.M. (2020, August). The link between animal cruelty and public safety: Defining the role of the animal control officer. PM [Public Management] Magazine. 

Parisi, D.N. (2019, February). A dog in the closet. Sheriff & Deputy (special issue), 20-22.

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* Phillips, A. (2014). Understanding The Link between violence to animals and people: A guidebook for criminal justice professionals. Alexandria, VA: National District Attorneys Association.

Phillips, A. (2013). The hierarchy of anti-cruelty laws: Prosecuting the abuse of stray and feral cats. Tales of Justice, 3(3), 1-5.

Phillips, A. (2011). The new National Center for Prosecution of Animal Abuse.Tales of Justice, 1(1).

Phillips, A. (2010). The Link for pProsecutors. Englewood, CO: American Humane Association.

* Phillips, A. & Lockwood, R. (2013). Investigating and Prosecuting Animal Abuse: A Guidebook on Safer Communities, Safer Families & Being an Effective Voice for Animal Victims. Alexandria, Va.: National District Attorneys Association.

Raia, P. (2018, August). Animal advocate law debated. Veterinary Practice News, 30(8), 14.

Rallo, J. (2013). Prosecuting the youthful offender. Tales of Justice, 3(2), 1-4. 

Ramsey, S. (2016, July). Animal abuse: Crimes and concerns. The Army Lawyer JAG Corps Professional Bulletin 27-50-16-07, 23-25. 

Ramsey, S. (2013, July 3). The implications and risks of animal cruelty, and how the criminal justice community can help. U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Diagnostic Center (blog).

Ramsey, S. (2012). Cause for concern: Juveniles and crimes of animal cruelty. Juvenile & Family Justice Today, 21(2), 12- 13.

 Randour ML, Smith-Blackmore M, Blaney N, DeSousa D, Guyony AA. Animal  Abuse as a Type of Trauma: Lessons for Human and Animal Service  Professionals. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2021 Apr;22(2):277-288. doi:  10.1177/1524838019843197. Epub 2019 May 1. PMID: 31043145.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31043145/

Randour, M.L. (2019, February). NIBRS needs both law enforcement and animal control officers. Sheriff & Deputy (special issue), 12-13. 

Randour, M.L. (2018, July-August). Animal cruelty crimes added to NIBRS. Sheriff & Deputy, 70(4), 36.

Randour, M.L. (2013). Juvenile crime and animal cruelty: Understanding the link as a tool to early, more effective interventions. Deputy and Court Officer, 5(3), 10-12.

Rider, C. (2019, February). From the backyard to the football field: How Michael Vick brought animal fighting to the forefront and why law enforcement should care. Sheriff & Deputy (special issue), 26-27.

Robinson, C., & Clausen, V. (2021, Aug. 10). The Link between animal cruelty and human violence. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin.

Rushing, P. (2010). Domestic violence and animal abuse: A multidisciplinary approach in Illinois. Community Policing Dispatch, 3(3). 

Salvagni, F.A., De Siqueira, A., Fukushima, A.R., Landi, M.F. de A., & Ponge-Ferreira, H., et al. (2016). Animal serial killing: The first criminal conviction for animal cruelty in Brazil. Forensic Science International, 267, e1-e5.

Smith-Blackmore, M. (2020, Summer). Locard’s Exchange Principle of “every contact leaves a trace.” Animal Care & Control Today, 28-29.

Smith-Blackmore, M. (2018, February). The role of veterinary forensics in animal cruelty investigations. The Police Chief, 26-31.

Strand, E.B., Risley-Curtiss, C., & Poe, B.A. (2016). The animal-human bond. In M.P. Brewster & C.L. Reyes (Eds.). Animal cruelty: A multidisciplinary approach to understanding, 2nd ed. (pp. 113-140). Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press.

Strand, E.B. & Risley-Curtiss, C. (2013). The animal-human bond. In M.P. Brewster & C.L. Reyes (Eds.). Animal cruelty: A multidisciplinary approach to understanding (pp. 81-107). Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press.

Student Legal Services of Edmonton (2012). Court protections for domestic violence victims and their pets. Edmonton: Alberta Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.

Thompson, J. (2019, February). The changing landscape of animal cruelty. Sheriff & Deputy 

Voda-Hamilton, D.V., Norman, G.C., & Bogdonovic, A. (2016, July). Service and emotional support animals: How to accommodate everyone’s needs. Maryland Bar Journal, 49(4), 4-11.

Wagman, B.A., Waisman, S.S., & Frasch, P.D. (2010). Cross-protecting: The link between animal abuse and human violence. In, Animal Law: Cases and Materials (4th ed.). Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press, pp. 180-189.

Warner, B.C. (2011, Summer).See it, hear it, report it: Why reporting animal cruelty helps animals and people. American Bar Association Tort Trial & Insurance Practice/Animal Law Committee News,7, 23-24.

Weems, N. (2014). Real or fake: Animals can make a difference in child abuse proceedings. Mid-Atlantic Journal on Law & Public Policy, 2(1), 117-131.

Wilkinson, J. (2012). Prosecuting intimate partner violence & animal cruelty. Lex Canis, 4(2), 7-9.

Wood, K. (2019, February). Saddled with the bill: Restitution for seized animals’ costs of care. Sheriff & Deputy (special issue), 23-25

Wu, K., Yu, Y., Chen, C., & Fu, Z. (2021). Is One Health a viable strategy in animal health litigation: Evidence from civil lawsuits in China. Animals, 11(9), 2560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092560.

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Arluke, A. & Adfis, E. (2014). Animal abuse as a warning sign of school massacres: Critique and refinement. Homicide Studies, 18(1): Sage Publications

*Doherty, D. & Hornosty, J. (2008). Exploring the Links: Firearms, family violence and animal abuse in rural communities.Prepared for the Canadian Firearms Centre, Royal Canadian Mounted Police: Public Safety Canada

Heger, M.C. (2011). Bringing RICO to the ring: can the anti-mafia weapon target dogfighters? Washing University Law Review, 89(1): VLex Global

Lawson, C. (2017). Animal Fighting. The Pelgrave International Handbook of Animal Abuse Studies: Springer Publishing

States News Service (Sept. 17, 2014).

 FBI Adds Animal Cruelty Category to Nation’s Crime Report. Academic OneFile

UBM LLC Knoll, J. (2006). Serial Murder: A forensic psychiatric perspective. Psychiatric Times, 23(3):

Arluke, A. & Madfis, E. (2014). Animal abuse as a warning sign of school massacres: Critique and refinement. Homicide Studies, 18(1): Sage Publications

Ascione, F., Weber, C., Thompson, T., Heath, J., Maruyama, M. & Hayashi, K. (2007). Battered pets and domestic violence: Animal abuse reported by women experiencing intimate partner violence and nonabused women. Violence Against Women, 13(4): Sage Publishing

Baglivio, M., Wolff, K., Delisi, M., Vaughn, M. & Piquero, A. (2017). Juvenile animal cruelty and firesetting behaviour. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 27: Wiley Online Library

Barrett, BJ., Fitzgerald, A., Stevenson, R. & Cheung, CH. (2017). Animal maltreatment as a risk marker of more frequent and severe forms of intimate partner violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1(26): Sage Publishing

Beetz, A. (2004). Bestiality/Zoophilia: A scarcely investigated phenomenon between crime, paraphilia, and love. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 4(2): The Haworth Press, Inc.

Bright, M., Sayedul Huq, M., Spencer, T., Applebaum, J. & Hardt, N. (2018). Animal cruelty as an indicator of family trauma: Using adverse childhood experiences to look beyond child abuse and domestic violence. Child Abuse and Neglect, 76: Elsevier Publications

Campbell, A., Thompson, S., Harris, T. & Wiehe, S. (2018). Intimate partner violence and pet abuse: Responding law enforcement officers’ observations and victim reports from the scene. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1(20): Sage Publishing, 

DeGue, S. & DiLillo, D. (2009). Is animal cruelty a "red flag" for family violence? Investigating co-occurring violence toward children, partners, and pets. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 24(6): Sage Publications

Flynn, C. (1999). Animal abuse in childhood and later support for interpersonal violence. Society and Animals, 7(2): The White Horse Press, A. & Pozzulo, J. (2012). The significance of animal cruelty in child protection investigations. Social Work Research: National Association of Social Workers

Hensley, C., Browne, J., & Trentham, C. (2018). Exploring the social and emotional context of childhood animal cruelty and its potential link to adult human violence. Psychology, Crime & Law, 24(5): Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group

Hensley, C., Tallichet, S. & Dutkiewicz, E. (2010). Childhood bestiality: A potential precursor to adult interpersonal violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25(3): Sage Publications

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Lunghofer, L. & Shapiro, K. (2014). The co-occurrence of human violence and animal abuse: Policy implications and interventions. Animals and Society, 35: Psyke & Logos

Overton, J., Hensley, H. & Tallichet, S. (2012). Examining the relationship between childhood animal cruelty motives and recurrent adult violent crimes toward humans. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(5): Sage Publications

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Stevenson, R., Fitzgerald, A. & Barrett, B. (2018). Keeping pets safe in the context of intimate partner violence: Insights from domestic violence shelter staff in Canada. Journal of Women and Social Work, 33(2): Sage Publications

Tallichet, S. & Hensley, C. (2004). Exploring the link between recurrent acts of childhood and adolescent animal cruelty and subsequent violent crime. Criminal Justice Review, 29(2): College of Health and Human Sciences, Georgia State University

Trentham, C., Hensley, C. & Policastro, C. (2018). Recurrent childhood animal cruelty and its link to recurrent adult interpersonal violence. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 68(2): Sage Publications

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A Survey of teaching and implentation: the Veterinary's role in recognizing and reporting abuse https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10434967/

Veterinarians, dentists and hairdressers have been identified as      the three professions most likely to encounter abused women. (Paterson,      2015)

A growing body of literature is now available to describe clinical conditions that should lead to adding cruelty, abuse, neglect, and animal      sexual abuse to the index of suspicion.   (Leonard, 2004;  Patronek, 2004; Reisman, 2004; Sinclair & Lockwood, 2005; Sinclair,      Merck & Lockwood, 2005; Cooper & Cooper, 2007; Munro & Munro,      2008; Merck, 2013; Lockwood & Touroo, 2016; Lockwood & Arkow,      2016; Tong, 2014, 2016). Additional training in veterinary forensic      sciences is available from the University of Florida and the International Veterinary Forensic Sciences      Association.

Animal Abuse and Interpersonal Violence: The Cruelty Connection and Its Implications for Veterinary Pathology.     Lockwood R, Arkow P. Vet Pathol. 2016 Sep;53(5):910-8. doi: 10.1177/0300985815626575. Epub 2016 Mar 2. PMID: 26936222 Review

The connection between animal abuse and interpersonal violence: A review from the veterinary perspective.       Monsalve S, Ferreira F, Garcia R. Res Vet Sci. 2017 Oct;114:18-26. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.02.025. Epub 2017 Mar 1. PMID: 28279899 Review.

Considering the relationship between domestic violence and pet  abuse and its significance in the veterinary clinical and educational  contexts.              Newland X, Boller M, Boller E. N Z Vet J. 2019 Mar;67(2):55-65. doi: 10.1080/00480169.2018.1559108. Epub 2019 Jan 15. PMID: 30557525 

Reporting Guide for Veterinarians assisting on animal abuse cases Washington Government https://cms.agr.wa.gov/WSDAKentico/Documents/AnS/AnimalHealth/887-AnimalWelfareInvRptGuidance.pdf

Suspected Abuse of Animals and People - For the Veterinary Team - United Kingdom https://www.bva.co.uk/media/4674/suspected-abuse-of-animals-and-people-a-veterinary-guide.pdf

21% of dogs that killed humans in dog bite attacks had been victims of animal abuse. (Patronek, Sacks, Delise et al., 2013)

Responding to animal abuse in parallel with physicians’ imperative to prevent child abuse unites human and veterinary medicine in a One      Health common concern for people, animals and the environment. (Arkow, 2015)

Baglivio, M., Wolff, K., Delisi, M., Vaughn, M. & Piquero, A. (2017). Juvenile animal cruelty and firesetting behaviour. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 27: Wiley Online Library

Connor, M., Currie, C. & Lawrence, A.B. (2018). Factors influencing the prevalence of animal cruelty during adolescence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1(24): Sage Publications.

*Girardi, A. & Pozzulo, J. (2012). The significance of animal cruelty in child protection investigations. Social Work Research: National Association of Social Workers

Hensley, C., Browne, J., & Trentham, C. (2018). Exploring the social and emotional context of childhood animal cruelty and its potential link to adult human violence. Psychology, Crime & Law, 24(5): Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group

Knight, K., Ellis, C. & Simmons, S. (2014). Parental predictors of children's animal abuse: Findings from a national and intergenerational sample. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29(16): Sage Publications

Malvaso, C., Delfabbro, P., Day, A. & Nobes, G. (2018). The maltreatment-violence link: Exploring the role of maltreatment experiences and other individual and social risk factors among young people who offend. Journal of Criminal Justice, 55: Elsevier Publishing

McDonald, S., Dmitrieva, J., Shin, S., Hitti, S., Graham-Bermann, S., Ascione, F. & Williams, J. (2017). The role of callous/unemotional traits in mediating the association between animal abuse exposure and behaviour problems among children exposed to intimate partner violence. Child Abuse & Neglect, 72: Elsevier Publications

Sanders, C. & Henry B. (2017). The role of beliefs about aggression in cyberbullying and animal abuse. Psychology, Crime & Law, 23(9): Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group